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Ordinary Meaning: A Theory of the Most Fundamental Principle of Legal Interpretation
Brian G. Slocum
Consider this court case: a defendant has traded a gun for drugs, and there is a criminal sentencing provision that stipulates an enhanced punishment if the defendant “uses” a firearm “during and in relation to a drug trafficking crime.” Buying the drugs was obviously a crime—but can it be said that the defendant actually “used” the gun during the crime? This sort of question is at the heart of legal interpretation.
Legal interpretation is built around one key question: by what standard should legal texts be interpreted? The traditional doctrine is that words should be given their “ordinary meaning”: words in legal texts should be interpreted in light of accepted standards of communication. Yet often, courts fail to properly consider context, refer to unsuitable dictionary definitions, or otherwise misconceive how the ordinary meaning of words should be determined. In this book, Brian Slocum builds his argument for a new method of interpretation by asking glaring, yet largely ignored, questions. What makes one particular meaning the “ordinary” one, and how exactly do courts conceptualize the elements of ordinary meaning? Ordinary Meaning provides a much-needed, revised framework, boldly instructing those involved with the law in how the components of ordinary meaning should properly be identified and developed in our modern legal system.
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Informed Systems: Organizational design for learning in action
Mary M. Somerville
By fostering principles of systems thinking and informed learning though an inclusive, participatory design process that advances information exchange, reflective dialogue, and knowledge creation, the Informed Systems Approach promotes conceptual change in workplace organizations. Informed Systems explores theory-based participatory action research and provides examples of agile process models for activating sustainable design, dialogue, and reflection processes in today’s organizations. This book also examines forward thinking frameworks for academic libraries, and how they can be used in the context of dynamically changing scholarly communications. Chapters further the expression of collaborative information practices that enrich information experiences by simultaneously advancing both situated domain knowledge and transferable learning capacity. Design (and redesign) activities well integrated into the workplace culture are expressed through sustainable processes and practices that produce rich information experiences. Informed learning both promotes and sustains continuous learning, including collective reflection on information sources, collaborative practices, and systems functionalities. In these ways, transferable topical understandings and information resiliency manifest action oriented intention to ensure improvements of real world situations.
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Drug-induced QT prolongation
Elizabeth A. Valentine, Alan D. Kaye, Jackie V. Abadie, and Adam M. Kaye
Abnormal cardiac repolarization, as indicated by prolongation of the QT interval on the standard electrocardiogram, is a risk factor for malignant dysrhythmias such as torsades de pointes. Qt prolongation in the perioperative setting is both common and likely underreported, as a minority of patients are monitored on telemetry in the perioperative period. Though QT prolongation may be congenital, the majority of cases seen in the perioperative setting are drug induced. Many different classes of drugs have been shown to prolong the QT interval, and the administration of multiple QT-prolonging medications may have an additive effect. It is imperative that the clinician be aware of which drugs commonly used in the perioperative setting may cause QT prolongation as well as the unique treatments for management of torsades de pointes beyond standard resuscitative measures.
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Memory training for older adults: A review with recommendations for clinicians
Robin Lea West and Carla M. Strickland-Hughes
Cognitive training programs for older adults span a very wide range of research, from case studies with people with dementia to extensive individual practice of specific information processing skills, and from comprehensive group training programs for healthy seniors to broad approaches that increase cognitive engagement. A primary target of these cognitive interventions is memory improvement. Improved memory is a key aim for several reasons. Foremost, as an integral process involved in everyday experience, memory capacity may affect older individuals’ ability to live independently (Fisher, 2012; Montegjo, Montenegro, Fernández, & Maestú, 2012; Stine-Morrow & Basak, 2011). Older adults themselves recognize the importance of memory, and have fears concerning memory loss (Dark-Freudeman, West, & Viverito, 2006). In part, these fears are realistic because cross-sectional and longitudinal studies report age-related declines in working memory, learning of new associations (see Chapter 3), and encoding of new long-term memories (Mather, 2010; McDaniel, Einstein, & Jacoby, 2008). Thus, memory is emphasized in training because it is essential, valued, and at risk for decline.
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Food History: A Primary Source Reader
Ken Albala
With the proliferation of food history courses and avid interest among scholars and the general public, the need for a solid comprehensive collection of key primary texts about food of the past is urgent.
This collection spans the globe from classical antiquity to the present, offering substantive selections from cookbooks, fiction, gastronomic and dietary treatises and a wide range of food writing. Offering a solid introduction to each period with extensive commentary and suggestions for interpretive strategies, this reader provides extracts undigested, for the student who needs immediate and direct contact with the ideas of the past.
Readings illustrate the various ways religion, politics, social structure, health and agricultural policy shaped what people ate in the past and offer instructive ways to think about our own food systems and how they have been shaped by historical forces.
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From Famine to Fast Food: Nutrition, Diet and Concepts of Health Around the World
Ken Albala
The foods eaten by a nation's population play a key role in shaping the health of that society. This book presents country-specific information on how diet, food security, and concepts of health critically impact the well-being of the world's population.
A country's food culture and eating habits directly impact the health and well-being of its citizens. Economic factors contribute to problems such as obesity and malnourishment. This book examines how diet affects health in countries around the world, discussing how the availability of food and the types of foods eaten influence numerous health factors and are tied to the prevalence of "lifestyle" diseases. Readers will discover the importance of diet and food culture in determining human health as well as make connections and notice larger trends within multicultural, international contexts.
An ideal aid for high school and college students in completing research and writing assignments, this book supplies detailed diet- and health-related information about most major countries and regions in a single source. Each country profile will also include a convenient fact box with statistical information such as life expectancy, average caloric intake, and other health indicators.
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Nuts: A Global History
Ken Albala
From almonds and pecans to pistachios, cashews, and macadamias, nuts are as basic as food gets—just pop them out of the shell and into your mouth. The original health food, the vitamin-packed nut is now used industrially, in confectionary, and in all sorts of cooking. The first book to tell the full story of how nuts came to be in almost everything, Nuts takes readers on a gastronomic, botanical, and cultural tour of the world.
Tracking these fruits and seeds through cultivation, harvesting, processing, and consumption—or non-consumption, in the case of those with nut allergies—award-winning food writer Ken Albala provides a fascinating account on how they have been cooked, prepared, and exploited. He reveals the social and cultural meaning of nuts during various periods in history, while also immersing us in their modern uses. Packing scrumptious recipes, surprising facts, and fascinating nuggets inside its hardcover shell, this entertaining and informative book will delight lovers of almonds, hazelnuts, chestnuts, and more.
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The Most Excellent Book of Cookery = Livre fort excellent de cuysine (1555)
Ken Albala and Timothy Tomasik
The Livre fort excellent de cuysine is one of a family of cookery books that first saw the light with Pierre Sergent’s La Fleur de toute cuysine (renamed Le Grand cuisinier de toute cuisine) of 1542. This edition of the Livre fort excellent was published in 1555. Scholars have often dismissed the printed cookbooks of 16th-century France as simple rehashes of the great medieval Viandier of Taillevent or as merely concentrating on marginal dishes such as sweets and sugarwork. True French cooking, they say, did not start until the publication of Le Cuisinier françois by La Varenne in 1651. While there is some truth in this, the translators and editors of this book would maintain that the change from medieval to modern (already under way in Italy and Spain for example) can be dated back to this book and its kindred; that it was more than a plagiaristic copy. The Livre fort comprises about 70 pages of original French, with an English translation on facing pages.
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Immigration Federalism and Rights
Raquel Aldana
Chapter 4 in Immigration Regulation in Federal States (Sasha Baglay and Delphine Nakache, eds., Springer 2014).
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Diversifying information literacy research: An informed learning perspective
Christine S. Bruce, Mary M. Somerville, Ian D. Stoodley, and Helen L. Partridge
This chapter uses the idea of informed learning, an interpretation of information literacy that focuses on people’s information experiences rather than their skills or attributes, to analyse the character of using information to learn in diverse communities and settings, including digital, faith, indigenous and ethnic communities. While researchers of information behaviour or information seeking and use have investigated people’s information worlds in diverse contexts, this work is still at its earliest stages in the information literacy domain. To date, information literacy research has largely occurred in what might be considered mainstream educational and workplace contexts, with some emerging work in community settings. These have been mostly in academic libraries, schools and government workplaces. What does information literacy look like beyond these environments? How might we understand the experience of effective information use in a range of community settings, from the perspective of empirical research and other sources? The chapter concludes by commenting on the significance of diversifying the range of information experience contexts, for information literacy research and professional practice.
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Organizations in Time: History, Theory, Methods
Marcelo Bucheli and R. Daniel Wadhwani
Why does history matter to our understanding of management, organizations, and markets? What theoretical insights can it offer into organizational processes? How can scholars use historical sources and methods to address research questions in management and organization studies?
This book brings together leading organization scholars and business historians to examine the opportunities and challenges of incorporating historical research into the study of firms and markets. It examines the reasons for the growing interest in historically grounded research in management departments and business schools, and considers both the intellectual and practical questions the endeavour faces. The volume is divided into three parts. The first part, History and Organization Theory, considers the relationship between historical reasoning and key theoretical schools of organizational thought, including institutional theory, evolutionary theory, and critical theory. The second part, Actors and Markets, considers how historical perspective can provide researchers with insights into organizational change, entrepreneurial processes, industry emergence, and the co-evolution of states and markets. In the final section, Sources and Methods, the contributors explicate historical methodologies within the context of other approaches to studying organizations and provide concrete suggestions for researchers in the field. The introduction contextualizes these issues within the broader context of developments in the fields of business history and organization studies, and orients readers to the 'future of the past in management and organization studies.'
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Horas de oficina
Martín Camps
En Horas de oficina, de Martin Camps, se nos relatan los avatares vividos en primera persona por un profesor universitario que lleva a cabo su ejercicio docente en Estados Unidos, mas concretamentae en una universidad de Florida. Se nos cuenta mas bien el proceso que protagoniza hasta llegar alli, pues la trama se inicia on su salida de Mexico para realizar un postgrado en la Universidad de Californa. In office hours , Martin Camps , we are told avatars lived in first person by a university professor who conducted their teaching in the United States, more concretamentae in a Florida university . We are told rather the process that carries to get there , because the plot starts on his departure from Mexico for a postgraduate degree at the University of Californa
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First Responders: An International Workshop on Collecting and Analyzing Evidence of International Crimes
Stephen Smith Cody, Alexa Koenig, Andrea Lampros, and Julia Rayner
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Hydraulic metaphor: A model of global and local connectivity
Dennis O. Flynn and Marie Lee
Trade histories normally focus on exports/imports between port cities, yet actual trade is (and always has been) far more complex than mere bilateral coast-to-coast exchange. While a particular hinterland may indeed produce a negligible proportion of a particular item, it is sometimes the case that combined hinterland output dominates. By the same token, relatively little of a commodity may end up in a single hinterland location, yet hinterland end-markets combined can dominate. Historical neglect of hinterlands is at least partly due to inadequacies inherent in conventional supply and demand concepts at the foundational building-blocks level of economic theory.
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Food in Time and Place: The American Historical Association Companion to Food History
Paul Freedman, Joyce Chaplin, and Ken Albala
Food and cuisine are important subjects for historians across many areas of study. Food, after all, is one of the most basic human needs and a foundational part of social and cultural histories. Such topics as famines, food supply, nutrition, and public health are addressed by historians specializing in every era and every nation.
Food in Time and Place delivers an unprecedented review of the state of historical research on food, endorsed by the American Historical Association, providing readers with a geographically, chronologically, and topically broad understanding of food cultures—from ancient Mediterranean and medieval societies to France and its domination of haute cuisine. Teachers, students, and scholars in food history will appreciate coverage of different thematic concerns, such as transfers of crops, conquest, colonization, immigration, and modern forms of globalization.
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Development of human resources in Latin American contexts
Rod P. Githens, C. Albornoz, L. E. Gonzalez, Tonette S. Rocco, and C. Wiggins-Romesburg
A selection of books and book chapters written or edited by faculty at the University of the Pacific.
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