Presentation Category
Research, Clinical
Introduction/Context/Diagnosis
The association between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis has been studied thoroughly. However, the role of the oral microbiome in linking these two diseases still is not clear. The objective of this literature review is to search the current studies on oral dysbiosis in the two diseases and find out whether the oral microbiome could be a possible biomarker indicating diabetes in periodontal patients.
Methods/Treatment Plan
Search engines, including PubMed and Google Scholar, were employed, using keywords of “diabetes mellitus,” “oral microbiome as biomarkers for diabetes,” “periodontal biomarkers,” and “diabetes and periodontitis relationship.” A year restriction from 2007-2022 also was included.
Results/Outcome
A total of twenty-two articles were reviewed. Foremost, the literature on the role of the oral microbiome in periodontal disease is well established. Commensal oral bacteria have been found to be responsible for the initiation of periodontal disease through the process of dysbiosis. As the disease progresses, oral microbiota shifts. Alterations in the oral microbiome also have been demonstrated across differing glycemic status, similar to the shift observed in periodontal disease. However, there was insufficient evidence to support whether the shifts in the oral microbiome can serve as diagnostic tools in the determination of risk of developing diabetes mellitus in patients with periodontal disease.
Significance/Conclusions
The dynamic relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus still requires attention. There has been no singular cellular mechanism identified to explain the association between them. Currently, there is inconclusive evidence as to if the oral microbiome can serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis or risk determination of diabetes mellitus. Further clinical research is needed in order to identify biomarkers from the oral microbiome in the destructive relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis.
Format
Event
Diabetes, Periodontitis and The Oral Microbiome
The association between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis has been studied thoroughly. However, the role of the oral microbiome in linking these two diseases still is not clear. The objective of this literature review is to search the current studies on oral dysbiosis in the two diseases and find out whether the oral microbiome could be a possible biomarker indicating diabetes in periodontal patients.
Comments/Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dr. Xiaoyuan Han and Dr. Traci Pitts for the guidance in writing this literature review. We would also like to acknowledge the University of the Pacific for providing access to databases and faculty which allowed us to write this literature review. Additionally, we would like to recognize all authors of cited articles.