Serial Testing Of Blood And Breath Ketones: A Validation Study

Document Type

Conference Presentation

Department

Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences Department

Conference Title

American College of Sports Medicine - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise conference

Organization

American College of Sports Medicine

Location

Virtual

Date of Presentation

8-1-2021

Journal Publication

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

ISSN

0195-9131

DOI

10.1249/01.mss.0000762264.54863.eb

Volume

53

Issue

8S

First Page

273

Abstract

Ketogenic dieting is an increasingly popular mode of weight management. As instruments designed to measure ketone levels become more available, there is a need to validate their accuracy and applicability. PURPOSE: To validate common devices of blood and breath ketone monitoring in dieting adults. METHODS: A 29-year-old female IFBB professional bodybuilder on a long-term ketogenic diet completed serial testing of blood glucose (BG), blood ketones (BK), and breath ketones (BrK) for 75 consecutive days. Subsequently, a 39-year-old male (non-bodybuilder) on a long-term ketogenic diet completed 41 consecutive days of testing. Each assessment was performed immediately upon waking in a fasted state. BG and BK were measured using the Keto-Mojo Dual Monitoring System; BrK levels were measured using the Ketonix Professional Breath Ketone Analyzer. Descriptive statistics characterized means and standard deviations of each subject. Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression analyses measured relationships between assessments. RESULTS: Testing occurred 11.6 ± 9.8 min after waking. For the female subject, BG was 79.8 ± 5.8 mg/dL (range: 69.0 to 98.0 mg/dL), BK was 1.0 ± 0.3 mM (range: 0.4 to 1.8 mM), and BrK was 148.8 ± 62.6 ppm (range: 50.5 to 329.5 ppm). For the male subject, BG was 87.3 ± 4.5 mg/dL (range: 75.0 to 97.0 mg/dL), BK was 0.7 ± 0.4 mM (range: 0.2 to 2.1 mM), and BrK was 202.5 ± 88.0 ppm (range: 59.0 to 365.5 ppm). In the female subject, there was no relationship between BG and BK (r = -0.190; β = -0.015; p = 0.161), BG and BrK (r = 0.030; β = 0.319; p = 0.804), or BK and BrK (r = 0.025; β = 4.696; p = 0.860). In the male subject, a relationship was detected between BG and BK (r = -0.546; β = -0.048; p < 0.001) but not between BG and BrK (r = 0.031; β = 0.596; p = 0.853) or BK and BrK (r = 0.031; β = 7.242; p = 0.850). Multiple linear regression analysis, holding subject constant, showed BG to predict BK (p < 0.001; 95% CI: -0.046 to -0.014); the overall model was significant (R2 = 0.228; p < 0.001). Holding subject constant, there was no relationship between BG and BrK (p = 0.725), nor was a relationship found between BK and BrK (p = 0.792). CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of blood and breath ketones, assessed in a fasted state using common devices, were unrelated when tested serially in an adult male and female adhering to ketogenic diets.

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