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In vitro activity of cephalosporins against selected gram negative bacilli : [a thesis]

Author

Sally E. Channing, University of the Pacific

Date of Award

1987

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science (M.S.)

Department

Graduate Studies

First Advisor

Fuad M. Nahhas

First Committee Member

Kishori Chaubal

Second Committee Member

Madhukar Chaubal

Third Committee Member

Lee Christianson

Abstract

The in vitro activity of twelve cephalosporins (first generation: Cephalothin, Cefazolin; second generation: Cefoxitin, Cefamandole, Cefuroxime, Cedonicid; third generation: Ceftazidime, Ceftizoxime, Cefotaxime, Cefoperazone, Ceftriaxone, Moxalactam) were studied against 146 strains of Gram negative bacilli belonging to the following families: Enterobacteriaceae Proteus vulgarius (2), P. mirabilis (5), Providencia stuartti (6), P. alkalifaciens (5), Morganella morganii (16), Serratia marcescens (14), Enterobacter cloacae (17), E. aerogenes (9), Kluyvera ascorbata (3), Citrobacter freundii (14), C. diversus (3), C. amalonaticus (1), Yersinia intermedia (1), Y. enterocolitica (2); Pseudomonadaceae: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (31), P. fluorescens (3); Neisseriacaee: Acinetobacter anitratus (3), Acinetobacter lwoffi (1); and Vibrionaceae: Aeromonas hydrophilia (4), Plesiomonas shigelloides (1), Campylobacter jejuni (5)). This investigation, which studied the activity of all the mentioned cephalosporins against each strain, suggests that resistance to the third generation cephalosporins has already emerged in such species as S. marcescens, E. cloacae, E. aerogenes, C. freundii, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, A. anitratus, A. lwoffi, and Campylobacter jejuni. This resistance is most pronounced in Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The second generation cephalosporins, particularly Cefoxitin and perhaps Cefuroxime, are chief inducers of resistance in Enterobacter and Serratia. In the pseudomonads difference mechanisms seem to operate than those taking place in Enterobacter-Serratia. The study also shows that resistance is not a generic characteristic in Proteus, Providencia, or Citrobacter but rather specific. Some aspects of mechanisms of resistance to cephalosporins are discussed. Concern is here indicated that at least in certain groups of bacteria, the use of the second generation cephalosporins may lead to emergence of resistance to the third generation group.

Pages

75

Recommended Citation

Channing, Sally E.. (1987). In vitro activity of cephalosporins against selected gram negative bacilli : [a thesis]. University of the Pacific, Thesis. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/496