Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Academy of Management Journal

ISSN

0001-4273

Volume

59

Issue

3

DOI

10.5465/amj.2012.0409

First Page

791

Last Page

817

Publication Date

1-1-2016

Abstract

This paper examines when firms pursue structural realignment through business unit reconfiguration, specifically by recombining business units. Our results refine and extend contingency theory and studies of organization design by drawing on theories of decision avoidance and delay to describe environmental conditions when firms pursue or postpone structural realignment. Our empirical analysis of 46 firms from 1978 to 1997, operating within the U.S. medical device and pharmaceutical sectors, demonstrates that while decision makers initiate structural recombination during periods of industry growth (i.e., munificence), they reduce their recombination efforts during periods of industry turbulence (i.e., dynamism), and managerial turbulence (i.e., growth in top management team size). We also find evidence that firms delay realignment and bide their time for better environmental conditions of declining turbulence and industry growth before pursuing more structural realignment. Together, these findings suggest that decision makers often delay initiating structural recombination until they can effectively process information and assess how structural changes will help them realign the organization to the environment.

Comments

We wish to thank seminar participants at Boston University, Ohio State University, Tulane University, the University of Illinois, University of Minnesota and University of Wisconsin, as well as attendees of the 2010 Strategy Research Forum, 2009 Organization Science Winter Conference and Strategic Management Society Conference, and 2008 CORE Organization Design Workshop for their comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this paper. We are also grateful for the constructive feedback from the anonymous reviewers and our associate editor, Kyle Mayer. We gratefully acknowledge research assistance by Victoria Lee, Chien-Chun Liu, and Marketa Sonkova.

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