Normative Values For Vertical Jump Kinematic Sequencing By Sex And Collegiate Sport

Document Type

Conference Presentation

Department

Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences Department

Conference Title

American College of Sports Medicine - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise conference

Organization

American College of Sports Medicine

Location

San Diego, CA

Date of Presentation

9-1-2022

Journal Publication

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

ISSN

0195-9131

DOI

10.1249/01.mss.0000875316.56046.39

Volume

54

Issue

9S

First Page

21

Abstract

Establishing normative data specific to sex and sport participation can improve performance appraisal, and may aid in identification of limitations. PURPOSE: To generate kinematic sequencing norms specific to each sex in various sports. METHODS: We tested 543 D1 athletes representing 15 sports using SpartaTrac technology. Subjects executed 6 vertical jumps on a force plate to generate a “Movement Signature” consisting of Load (eccentric force development during the downward phase), Explode (force output during the transitional phase), and Drive (magnitude and duration of concentric force during the upward phase). Athletes were stratified by sex and sport, and normative values were calculated. Multivariate tests estimated differences in these values between groups. RESULTS: Across the total sample, Load was 49.8 ± 10.2, Explode was 47.0 ± 9.9, and Drive was 55.5 ± 10.2; there was wide variance between different men’s sports (p<0.001) and women’s sports (p<0.001) sports. Among men, Load was highest in baseball (53.3 ± 10.3), basketball (52.6 ± 8.9), and soccer (52.5 ± 10.0); it was lowest in tennis (49.0 ± 10.7), water polo (49.1 ± 6.4), and swimming (50.4 ± 9.7) Explode was highest in basketball (53.2 ± 10.2), baseball (52.4 ± 8.6), and soccer (50.8 ± 8.3); it was lowest in water polo (44.0 ± 6.9), tennis (44.9 ± 5.9), and swimming (46.5 ± 8.5). Drive was highest in swimming (60.0 ± 9.9), water polo (54.6 ± 9.5), and baseball (54.0 ± 9.2); it was lowest in tennis (51.4 ± 14.0), basketball (52.8 ± 9.1), and soccer (53.2 ± 7.9). Among women, Load was highest in basketball (55.4 ± 17.1), volleyball (51.0 ± 8.7), and field hockey (48.0 ± 9.0); it was lowest in cross country (40.9 ± 5.8), soccer (45.9 ± 7.1), and water polo (46.1 ± 6.6). Explode was highest in basketball (53.0 ± 12.3), volleyball (48.1 ± 6.6), and field hockey (47.3 ± 8.8); it was lowest in water polo (34.9 ± 5.4), cross country (41.6 ± 8.8), and swimming (41.9 ± 6.6). Drive was highest in water polo (62.9 ± 10.4), volleyball (59.6 ± 7.4), and swimming (57.9 ± 9.9); it was lowest in basketball (51.3 ± 11.2), field hockey (53.0 ± 7.8), and soccer (54.6 ± 8.8). CONCLUSIONS: Ground reaction forces vary between sport populations. Normative values may aid in the customization of training programs for athletes whose signatures differ markedly from expected performances.

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