Document Type
Article
Publication Title
Astrophysical Journal
Department
Physics
ISSN
15384357
Volume
986
Issue
1
DOI
10.3847/1538-4357/adcd78
First Page
1
Last Page
29
Publication Date
6-6-2025
Abstract
The majority of low-mass ( log 10 M * / M ⊙ = 9 - 10 ) galaxies at high redshift (z > 1) appear elongated in projection. We use JWST-CEERS observations to explore the role of gravitational lensing in this puzzle. The typical galaxy-galaxy lensing shear γ ∼ 1% is too low to explain the predominance of elongated early galaxies with an ellipticity e ≈ 0.6. However, nonparametric quantile regression with Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (or BART) reveals hints of an excess of tangentially aligned source-lens pairs with γ > 10%. On larger scales, we also find evidence for weak-lensing shear. We rule out the null hypothesis of randomly oriented galaxies at ≳99% significance in multiple NIRCam chips, modules, and pointings. The number of such regions is small and attributable to chance, but coherent alignment patterns suggest otherwise. On the chip scale, the average complex ellipticity 〈e〉 ∼ 10% is nonnegligible and beyond the level of our point-spread function (PSF) uncertainties. The shear variance 〈 γ ¯ 2 〉 ∼ 1 0 − 3 is an order of magnitude above the conventional weak-lensing regime but is more sensitive to PSF systematics, intrinsic alignments, cosmic variance, and other biases. Taking it as an upper limit, the maximum implied “cosmic shear” is only a few percent and cannot explain the elongated shapes of early galaxies. The alignments themselves may arise from lensing by a protocluster or filament at z ∼ 0.75 where we find an overabundance of massive lens galaxies. We recommend a weak-lensing search for overdensities in “blank” deep fields with the James Webb Space Telescope and the Roman Space Telescope.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Recommended Citation
Pandya, Viraj; Loeb, Abraham; McGrath, Elizabeth J.; Barro, Guillermo; Finkelstein, Steven L.; Ferguson, Henry C.; Grogin, Norman A.; Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.; Koekemoer, Anton M.; Papovich, Casey; Pirzkal, Nor; and Yung, L.Y. Aaron, "Preliminary Evidence for Lensing-induced Alignments of High-redshift Galaxies in JWST-CEERS" (2025). Pacific Faculty Work. 98.
https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/all-faculty/98
