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Volume 5, Issue 1 (2025)Read More

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From The Editors4 September 2025

Comprehensive Conversations

An introduction to the contents in Volume 5 (Issue 1) of Euleriana.

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Translation & Commentary
19 August 2021

Euler's three-body problem

In physics and astronomy, Euler's three-body problem is to solve for the motion of a body that is acted upon by the gravitational field of two other bodies. This problem is named after Leonhard Euler (1707-1783), who discussed it in memoirs published in the 1760s. In these publications, Euler found that the parameter that controls the relative distances among three collinear bodies is given by a quintic equation. Later on, in 1772, Lagrange dealt with the same problem, and demonstrated that for any three masses with circular orbits, there are two special constant-pattern solutions, one where the three bodies remain collinear, and the other where the bodies occupy the vertices of two equilateral triangles. Because of their importance, these five points became known as Lagrange points. The quintic equation found by Euler for the relative distances among the collinear bodies was also found later by Lagrange, and because of that, Euler has also been given credit for the discovery of the three collinear Lagrange points. A practical application of the collinear points for satellite location is also presented.
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Articles & Notes
19 September 2022

Basel Problem: Historical perspective and further proofs from stochastic processes

In this note, we offer a historical perspective on solutions of the Basel problem. In particular, we have a closer look at some of the less famous results by Euler E41 and provide a review of a selection of the assemblage of earlier proofs. Moreover, we show how to generate further proofs using Karhunen-Lo\`{e}ve expansions of stochastic processes.
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Articles & Notes
19 August 2021

Euler's Miracle

This article features some genuine Eulerian magic. In 1748, Leonhard Euler considered a modification of the harmonic series in which negative signs were attached to various terms by a rule that was far from self-evident. With his accustomed flair, he determined its sum, and the result was utterly improbable. There are a few occasions in mathematics when the term “breathtaking” is not too strong. This is one of them.
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Translation & Commentary
4 September 2025

Daniel Bernoulli's "Observations concerning Recurrent Series"

Daniel Bernoulli’s article "Observations concerning Recurrrent Series" is one of the gems of the mathematical literature. It describes a numerical method for solving polynomial equations. This method, now known as “Bernoulli’s method”, is still in use today. The basis of the method is the study of certain sequences of numbers that satisfy what we now call linear recurrence relations. Bernoulli’s article shows how to find solutions of these recurrence relations. A nice application is a now well-known formula for the Fibonacci numbers. Bernoulli also uses his theory of recurrence relations to give a proof of an early form of De Moivre’s Theorem.
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